A platform-independent Braille translator

A Universal Braille Translator

A system for converting print into braille.

This paper describes a method for converting text into braille, in the form in which it is stored as in a computer. The system has been designed to be configurable for a wide range of languages and character sets, and uses a predominantly table driven method to achieve this. The algorithm is explained in the context of the conversion of text into Standard English Braille (British), and the tabl...

Braille Translation using Augmented Transition Networks

The paper describes the use of a formal language approach to the translation of English into grade II Braille. Braille is a system used by blind people and it is the counterpart of what inkprint is to sighted people. As such, it allows the representation of their language, and the provision of printed text. There are two types of Braille: grade I, which is a direct one to one mapping of inkprin...

RoboBraille - Automated Braille Translation by Means of an E-Mail Robot

As society becomes increasingly dependent on literacy, the problems of textual information inaccessible to print-impaired people are likely to grow. This paper discusses the problems of decentralised, user-driven Braille translation and proposes an alternative: The centralised, email-based RoboBraille service capable of translating to and from contracted Braille, including any preor post proces...

Designing Effective Refreshable Braille Displays

It’s been shown that non–visually impaired readers comprehend text better when they actively read it rather than passively listen to it. Active modes of processing text such as reading braille—instead of more passive modes like speech—would likely confer a similar advantage to visually impaired readers, particularly for material that’s highly technical or that requires spatial processing, such ...